Progress

Progress is the forward or onward movement toward a desired state, often framed as improvement in conditions, capabilities, or knowledge. It combines empirical assessment with value judgments; what counts as progress depends on goals such as well-being, freedom, efficiency, or sustainability.

The word derives from Latin progressus. In Western thought, especially since the Enlightenment, progress has been linked to science, reason, and public institutions, suggesting that human conditions improve through cumulative advances. Critics note that progress is not universal and may proceed unevenly or in different directions.

In science and technology, progress means new theories, tools, and applications. In health, it manifests as longer, healthier lives and broader access to care. Economic progress is often measured by growth and development, but equity and environmental costs complicate interpretation. Social and political progress includes expanding rights and participation.

Measuring progress relies on indicators such as life expectancy, literacy, income, and human development; yet progress is contested because values differ and trade-offs exist. Some schools of thought argue for linear improvement; others warn of cultural specificity or potential retrogression in some domains.

Today, sustainable development seeks progress that meets present needs without compromising future generations, integrating economic, social, and environmental goals.