Cinghiale

Cinghiale is the Italian name for the wild boar, the large omnivorous mammal Sus scrofa in the pig family Suidae. Native to Eurasia and North Africa, the species has a broad geographic range and many regional subspecies. It has been introduced elsewhere in some areas, where populations persist in suitable habitats.

Description: Wild boars are sturdy, with a coarse coat that can be dark brown to black. They have an elongated snout and, in males, projecting tusks. Size and weight vary by region and sex; males are generally larger than females and may exceed other domestic pigs in rugged areas.

Distribution and habitat: They occupy forests, woodlands, grasslands, and agricultural mosaics. They are highly adaptable and widespread across Europe and Asia, including much of Italy, as well as some islands and introduced ranges.

Ecology and behavior: They are opportunistic omnivores, feeding on roots, tubers, fruits, invertebrates, and small animals. Rooting disturbs soil and crops. Social groups called sounders consist of females and offspring, while adult males are more solitary except during the breeding season. Breeding peaks in late autumn to winter; gestation is about 115 days, producing litters of up to six piglets. Piglets have striped coats that fade with age.

Interactions with humans and conservation: Wild boar populations can cause crop damage and traffic hazards. They are hunted for meat and population control. Globally, Sus scrofa is rated as Least Concern by the IUCN due to its wide distribution and large numbers, though local populations may be threatened by habitat loss or disease such as African swine fever.