Capitonidae

Capitonidae is a family of birds within the order Piciformes, commonly known as the barbets. The family in its traditional sense refers to the New World barbets, with extant genera including Capito and Eubucco. Their distribution covers tropical and subtropical forests from southern Mexico through Central America and into much of South America, including parts of the Caribbean.

Members of Capitonidae are typically medium-sized, stout-bodied birds with a large head and a strong, short, hooked beak that is well adapted for feeding on fruit and insects. plumage ranges from understated browns and greens to bright, contrasting colors and facial patterns, depending on the species. They are generally diurnal and can be heard through a variety of vocalizations, often used to defend territory and attract mates.

Ecology and behavior vary among species, but capitonids are mostly omnivorous, feeding on a mix of fruit, seeds, and insects. They are commonly observed foraging in the canopy or middle levels of forests, often stopping at fruiting trees to feed. Nesting is typically in tree cavities; they excavate nest holes in dead wood or use abandoned holes, and both parents participate in incubation and feeding the altricial young.

Taxonomy and relation to other barbets has varied in scientific classification. Capitonidae has traditionally encompassed New World barbets, while African and Asian barbets have been placed in separate families such as Lybiidae and Megalaimidae in other taxonomic treatments. Molecular studies have helped clarify these relationships, but classifications can differ among authorities.

Conservation status of individual species ranges from common to threatened, largely reflecting habitat loss and forest fragmentation in tropical regions.