Callaeas

Callaeas is a small genus of birds in the family Callaeidae, native to New Zealand. It currently comprises two species commonly known as kōkako: the North Island kōkako (Callaeas cinerea) and the South Island kōkako (Callaeas wilsoni). The genus is notable for its relatively large size among New Zealand passerines, gray to brown plumage, and a characteristic bare patch of facial skin that contributes to their distinctive look. Males and females look alike in their plumage.

Taxonomy and naming: Callaeas is part of the order Passeriformes and the family Callaeidae, which includes other wattlebird-like species in New Zealand. The name kōkako is derived from the Māori language and is used for both species within this genus.

Description and habitat: Kōkako are forest dwellers, inhabiting native forests, scrub, and forest edges across various elevations. They are omnivorous, feeding on a mix of invertebrates and fruit, and they forage through trees and shrubs with a deliberate, often secretive gait. They are known for their strong and varied vocalizations, which play a key role in territory defense and communication.

Behavior and reproduction: These birds are generally territorial and have complex songs. Breeding behavior is not as extensively documented in the public literature, but kōkako build nests in trees and raise small clutches with parental involvement in care and feeding of young.

Conservation: Since European settlement, kōkako populations have declined due to habitat loss and introduced predators. Conservation efforts in New Zealand include habitat protection, predator control, and various ex situ and reintroduction programs aimed at preserving and restoring remaining populations.