Cairina

Cairina is a small genus of ducks in the family Anatidae. It is a monotypic genus, containing a single living species, Cairina moschata, commonly known as the Muscovy duck. The species is native to tropical regions of the Americas, ranging from parts of the southern United States through Central America and into northern Argentina, and it has been widely introduced to other warm regions around the world.

The Muscovy duck is a relatively large duck, with a body length often approaching 70 to 90 centimeters. Adults typically have dark, iridescent plumage, with a striking contrast of white on the wings visible in flight. Males possess prominent red facial caruncles, while females have less conspicuous ornamentation. Domestic varieties show extensive plumage variation, including all-white and pied forms, due to selective breeding.

Habitat and range: In the wild, Muscovy ducks favor wetlands, mangroves, and forested areas near water, from lowlands to foothills. They are often found around ponds, lakes, and agricultural landscapes, and roost in trees at night. The species is adaptable to human-altered environments and is widely kept in captivity.

Behavior and diet: Muscovy ducks are omnivorous, feeding on seeds, fruits, seeds of aquatic plants, roots, and a range of invertebrates. They are capable of strong flight and often roost in trees. Breeding occurs in response to local conditions; nests are typically placed in tree cavities or elevated platforms near water. Clutches commonly contain 8 to 16 eggs, incubated for about 33 to 35 days. Ducklings are precocial and soon follow the mother.

Conservation and human use: The Muscovy duck is listed as Least Concern by major conservation authorities due to its wide distribution and large population. It is widely domesticated for meat and eggs, and feral populations are common in many regions.