CNCprogram

A CNCprogram (commonly written as "CNC program" or simply "program") is a set of instructions that controls a computer numerical control (CNC) machine to perform manufacturing tasks such as milling, turning, drilling, or cutting. The program directs machine movements, spindle speed, feed rates, tool changes, coolant, and other functions to produce parts from digital designs.

Most CNC programs are written in G-code (also called RS-274 or ISO 6983), a standardized numeric control language composed of modal commands and parameters. Programs may be created manually by programmers, generated by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software from CAD models, or produced using conversational programming interfaces on machine controls. A post-processor translates CAM toolpaths into controller-specific code and file formats (common extensions include .nc, .tap, .cnc).

Typical program elements include coordinate commands, linear and circular interpolation, canned cycles, tool and work offsets, and safety or housekeeping commands. Before execution, programs are usually simulated and verified to check for collisions, excessive speeds, or other errors. Controllers interpret the program and convert it into motion and machine actions with real-time feedback from sensors and encoders.

CNC programs enhance repeatability, accuracy, and productivity in manufacturing but require careful setup, tooling, and validation to avoid defects and ensure operator safety. Industry standards and best practices guide program structure, documentation, and revision control.