Bronhiaalastmad

Bronhiaalastmad, often referred to as bronchial asthma, is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, also known as bronchi. This inflammation leads to recurring episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. The exact cause of asthma is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

During an asthma episode, the muscles around the bronchial tubes contract, causing them to narrow. The lining of the airways also becomes swollen and produces extra mucus. These changes make it difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs. Triggers for asthma attacks can vary widely among individuals and may include allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and certain foods. Other triggers can include respiratory infections, exercise, cold air, smoke, and strong emotions.

Asthma is a lifelong condition, but with proper management, individuals can lead normal and active lives. Treatment typically involves inhaled medications. Bronchodilators are used to quickly open up the airways during an attack, while inhaled corticosteroids are used long-term to reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms. Identifying and avoiding personal triggers is also a crucial part of asthma management. Diagnosis is usually based on a person's medical history, physical examination, and lung function tests.