Blodtrykks

Blodtrykks is the term used in some Scandinavian languages to describe blood pressure, the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries. It is measured as two numbers: systolic pressure (the peak pressure during heartbeats) over diastolic pressure (the pressure between beats). The measurement is given in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is typically written as systolic over diastolic, for example 120/80 mmHg.

Physiology and determinants: Blood pressure reflects the heart’s output and the resistance of the arterial system. It depends on cardiac output (the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute) and systemic vascular resistance. Hormonal and nervous system factors, kidney function, salt balance, age, activity level, and overall health influence blood pressure. Normal values vary with age and circumstances such as activity and stress.

Measurement and monitoring: Blood pressure is usually measured with a cuff around the upper arm, with the patient seated and the arm at heart level. Proper cuff size and technique are important for accuracy. Blood pressure can be assessed in clinical settings or through home and ambulatory monitoring, which includes multiple readings over time to capture typical levels and avoid transient changes.

Classification and ranges: Guidelines vary by country, but typical classifications describe normal blood pressure as around or below 120/80 mmHg, elevated as systolic 120–129 and diastolic below 80, hypertension stage 1 as about 130–139 or 80–89, and stage 2 as 140 or higher or 90 or higher. Hypertensive crises involve markedly elevated values and require urgent care in some cases. Some individuals experience white coat hypertension (elevated in clinical settings) or masked hypertension (elevated outside clinical settings).

Health implications and management: Persistently high blood pressure increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney problems. Management focuses on lifestyle changes—such as weight management, regular physical activity, limited salt intake, and moderate alcohol consumption—and, when needed, medications chosen by a healthcare professional. Regular monitoring helps track control and adjust treatment.