Aviary

An aviary is a large enclosure for keeping birds. Unlike a simple cage, an aviary provides space and environmental complexity that allows birds to fly short distances, perch on branches, and explore vegetation. It is typically covered with mesh or netting to prevent escapes while allowing air flow and visibility. The term is derived from the Latin avis, meaning bird, with the suffix -arium indicating a place.

Aviaries range from modest backyard structures to expansive facilities in zoos and bird parks. Backyard aviaries are often walk-in structures built of welded wire mesh, with a roof and planted interior for cover and foraging. In larger settings, multiple interconnected aviaries may simulate varied habitats, with different heights, perches, shrubs, and water features to support species-specific needs. Some facilities use indoor aviaries with climate control for tropical species.

Birds housed in aviaries may include songbirds, parrots, finches, and waterfowl, among others. Practices focus on welfare, including predator protection, escape prevention, proper ventilation, enrichment, appropriate feeding, and regular health checks. Maintenance involves cleaning, net repair, and monitoring for parasites or injuries. The use of aviaries supports conservation, education, and breeding programs, in addition to private keeping.

Historically, aviaries became popular in gardens and public parks during the 18th and 19th centuries as decorative and educational attractions, and the concept continues in modern zoological institutions and private aviaries.