Automatikflug

Automatikflug refers to the operation of an aircraft primarily under automated flight control systems rather than direct manual control. In this sense, automation encompasses the autopilot, flight management system, flight director, and autothrottle, which together execute a flight plan and adjust trajectory, speed, and altitude while pilots supervise and intervene when needed.

Key components include the autopilot, which stabilizes the aircraft and follows commanded parameters; the flight management system, which stores the route and optimizes performance; and navigation sensors, such as inertial reference systems and satellite navigation. Modern aircraft often use fly-by-wire architectures with multiple redundant computers and the option of automatic landings (autoland) under appropriate conditions.

Automated systems typically cover most flight phases: after takeoff, they can maintain a chosen altitude and course; during cruise they optimize routing and fuel use; during approach and landing they can guide the aircraft along a landing path. Pilots monitor the automation and are prepared to assume manual control if needed.

History and development span from early autopilots in the first half of the 20th century to the widespread use of integrated flight control systems in commercial airliners. The introduction of fly-by-wire, digital avionics, and satellite navigation has increased automation capability, while emphasizing reliability, certification, and routine crew training.

Operational safety relies on proper automation management, crew resource management, and awareness of automation failure modes. Regulations from aviation authorities require appropriate certification, maintenance, and procedures for manual override and hand-flying when automation is degraded or unavailable.