Apartments

An apartment, also called a flat in some regions, is a self-contained housing unit that occupies part of a building or a complex. It typically includes a living area, kitchen, one or more bedrooms, and a bathroom. Apartments are usually rented or owned as part of a multi-unit building and share common facilities such as hallways, elevators, and exterior spaces.

Common layouts include studio (open-plan with integrated living space and kitchenette), one-bedroom, two-bedroom, and larger units. Other types include lofts, duplexes, penthouses, and micro-apartments. The layout affects rent, durability, and urban density. In many markets, apartments are rented under leases; in others, individuals may own units within a condominium, cooperative, or gated community.

History and distribution: Apartments arose in 19th-century Europe with urban housing needs; expansion into many cities in the 20th century. In modern markets, apartments vary widely in size, quality, and price, influenced by zoning, regulatory frameworks, and market demand. Maintenance and management are typically handled by landlord, property manager, homeowners associations, or cooperatives.

Design and safety: Building codes govern fire safety, accessibility, ventilation, and energy efficiency. Common amenities may include laundry facilities, parking, gyms, and communal spaces. Affordability and access to transportation often influence apartment demand. The term also encompasses affordable housing programs in many regions.