laundry

Laundry is the process of cleaning textiles and garments, typically to remove soils, stains, and odors. It can be done by hand, by machine, or by professional services. Laundering contrasts with dry cleaning, which uses solvents instead of water.

Historically, washing was done by hand, using soap and a washboard or basin. The first mechanical washing devices appeared in the 18th century. Electric washing machines with agitators became common in the mid-20th century, followed by front-loading models that save water. Drying evolved from line drying to electric tumble dryers.

A standard laundry workflow includes sorting items by color, fabric type, and soil level; pretreating stains; selecting appropriate water temperature and wash cycle; adding detergent and optional additives; washing, rinsing, and extracting moisture; and drying. Finishing steps include ironing, folding, and storing.

Detergents are formulated to lift soils and oils. They may contain surfactants, enzymes, optical brighteners, bleaches, and softeners. Color-safe products are used for colored fabrics, while high-alkaline bleaches may be reserved for whites. Guidelines advise not exceeding recommended temperatures and treating delicate fabrics with gentle cycles.

Laundry has environmental and social implications. It consumes water and energy, and detergent use affects wastewater quality. Efficient machines, lower temperatures, and line drying can reduce impact. Routine maintenance and adhering to care labels extend garment life, reducing waste and the need for replacements.