Aonyx

Aonyx is a genus of otters in the subfamily Lutrinae, within the Mustelidae family. It contains two living species: the African clawless otter (Aonyx capensis) and the Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea). The genus is native to Africa and parts of Asia, and its members are semi-aquatic predators that inhabit freshwater systems such as rivers, lakes, and wetlands.

Aonyx capensis occurs across southern and eastern Africa, while Aonyx cinerea is found from the Indian subcontinent through Southeast Asia to southern China and Indonesia. They are medium-sized otters; total length generally ranges around 60 to 100 cm, with tails adding to overall length. The African clawless otter has a thick brown coat and notably lacks claws on its forepaws, whereas the Asian small-clawed otter is smaller and bears small claws and a dexterous forepaw capable of handling prey.

Behavior and ecology: Both species are semi-aquatic and proficient swimmers. They hunt in shallow waters, using sensitive forepaws to explore crevices and to manipulate prey. Diet largely consists of invertebrates such as crustaceans and mollusks; Aonyx cinerea also consumes small fish. They are often social, especially the Asian small-clawed otter, which can form family groups.

Reproduction and life history: Reproduction is typically opportunistic with seasonal peaks in some populations. Gestation lasts around 60–70 days, with litter sizes commonly ranging from two to five young. Both parents may participate in care.

Conservation: Habitat loss, water pollution, and overexploitation for fur and the pet trade threaten both species, with varying conservation statuses across regions. Protected areas and captive breeding programs contribute to their management, alongside efforts to preserve freshwater ecosystems.