Amiguismo

Amiguismo is a term used in Portuguese-speaking contexts to describe the practice of giving jobs, contracts, or other favors to friends and acquaintances rather than to the most qualified candidates. It denotes a form of patronage and favoritism that operates through informal networks within organizations and public administration. Although closely related to nepotism, amiguismo centers on social closeness and friendship rather than family ties, which differentiates it from nepotism while often overlapping with it in practice.

In government and public sector contexts, amiguismo can manifest as appointments to civil service, advisory positions, or procurement contracts awarded through informal channels rather than merit-based processes. It may be justified by claims of loyalty, knowledge of the person, or expediency, but it risks bypassing merit, transparency, and accountability.

Impacts of amiguismo include erosion of public trust, reduced efficiency, distorted competition, and potential corruption. It can deter qualified professionals from entering public service and hinder policy implementation, contributing to a perception that outcomes depend on connections rather than competence.

Responses to amiguismo involve anti-corruption and merit-based recruitment policies, open competition for vacancies, transparent bidding and procurement, and conflict-of-interest rules, supported by oversight institutions. Critics argue that even network-based practices can foster favoritism and undermine equal opportunity, regardless of intent.

Origin and usage: The noun is widely used in Brazil, Portugal, and other Portuguese-speaking communities. In English, the closest equivalent is cronyism, though amiguismo carries a distinctly social-network dimension that emphasizes personal ties.