Allergiker

Allergiker is the German noun for a person who has an allergy. An allergy is an immune system reaction to ordinarily harmless substances called allergens. In susceptible individuals, exposure to allergens can trigger symptoms ranging from mild (nasal congestion, itching, skin rashes) to severe (asthma attacks, anaphylaxis).

Common allergen groups include inhalants such as pollen, house dust mites, molds, and pet dander; foods such as milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish; medications such as penicillin; insect venoms; and less common occupational exposures. Allergic reactions vary by person and can affect the airways, skin, gastrointestinal tract, or cardiovascular system.

Diagnosis relies on clinical history, physical examination, and objective tests. Skin prick tests or measurement of allergen-specific IgE in blood are commonly used. In some cases, supervised oral food challenges or drug challenges are necessary to confirm a suspected food or medication allergy.

Management focuses on avoidance of confirmed triggers whenever possible and on pharmacological treatment to relieve symptoms. Medications include antihistamines, nasal or inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and, in acute reactions, epinephrine. Allergen immunotherapy (subcutaneous or sublingual) can reduce sensitivity for certain allergens.

Living with an allergy often requires planning, such as reading labels, carrying emergency medication, and having an action plan. Allergies are common worldwide, with prevalence varying by region, age, and exposure. The term Allergiker derives from German usage for someone with an allergy; the concept is linked to the broader field of allergology, which studies immune-mediated hypersensitivity.