Ahelkasvu

Ahelkasvu, also known as *acanthosis nigricans*, is a skin condition characterized by the thickening and darkening of skin, particularly in body folds and creases. The name derives from the Greek words *akanthosis* (thickening of the skin) and *nigricans* (becoming black). It commonly appears as velvety, dark patches, often in areas such as the neck, armpits, groin, and under the breasts. While it is not contagious, the condition can be a visible sign of underlying health issues.

The most common cause of ahelkasvu is insulin resistance, frequently associated with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Hormonal imbalances, particularly those involving insulin-like growth factors, can also trigger the condition. In some cases, it may develop as a side effect of certain medications, such as corticosteroids or oral contraceptives. Rarely, ahelkasvu can be linked to internal malignancies, particularly gastrointestinal tumors, though this form is less common.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, with a healthcare provider assessing the skin’s appearance and medical history. Blood tests may be conducted to check for insulin resistance, diabetes, or hormonal abnormalities. In suspected malignant cases, further diagnostic procedures, such as imaging or biopsies, may be necessary.

Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For insulin-resistant-related ahelkasvu, lifestyle changes such as weight loss, improved diet, and increased physical activity can help reduce symptoms. Medications to manage insulin levels may also be prescribed. Topical treatments, including retinoids or topical insulin, can improve skin appearance, though they do not eliminate the underlying condition. In severe cases, surgical removal of affected skin may be considered.

While ahelkasvu is generally not painful, its appearance can cause discomfort or self-consciousness. Early medical evaluation is recommended, especially if the condition develops suddenly or is accompanied by other symptoms like unexplained weight loss or fatigue. With proper management of the underlying cause, the skin changes may improve or resolve over time.