Abszeßen

Abszeßen is a term that may refer to Abszesse (abscesses), localized pockets of pus that form within body tissues as a result of an infection. The standard German term is Abszess, with the plural Abszesse; Abszeßen is a nonstandard or historical variant spelling.

Abszeßen occur when bacteria invade tissue, triggering an inflammatory response. Common causes include skin infections (folliculitis, boils), dental infections, blocked glands (like sebaceous glands), trauma, or spread from nearby infections. Risk factors include diabetes, immunosuppression, poor hygiene, and chronic wounds.

Disrupted tissue and necrosis produce a cavity filled with pus—neutrophils, bacteria, tissue debris—encased by a reactive capsule as it enlarges. Abscesses can occur superficially in the skin or deeper in regions such as the chest, abdomen, brain, liver, or lungs; dental abscesses and periapical abscesses around tooth roots are common localizations.

Localized swelling, redness, warmth, and throbbing pain, with fever and malaise if systemic; drainage may occur spontaneously. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination; imaging (ultrasound for superficial abscesses, CT or MRI for internal ones) can determine size and extent. Pus culture guides antibiotic choices; blood tests may show elevated white blood cell count and inflammatory markers.

Drainage is the primary treatment for most abscesses; incision and drainage under sterile conditions is typical. Antibiotics are used when there is extensive infection, surrounding tissue involvement, fever, immunocompromise, or deep abscesses. Dental abscesses require dental intervention (root canal or extraction). Wound care and addressing the underlying cause are important.

With proper drainage and antibiotics, prognosis is generally good; recurrence can occur. Prevention focuses on prompt treatment of skin infections, good hygiene, dental care, and glycemic control in diabetics. See also cellulitis, furuncle, carbuncle, dental abscess, sepsis.