Abaca

Abaca, scientifically Musa textilis, is a species of banana native to the Philippines. The term refers to the long, natural fiber obtained from the leaf stalks of the plant, commonly known as Manila hemp.

Abaca fiber is valued for its strength, durability, and resistance to saltwater. The plant is grown in tropical environments, with the Philippines as the primary producer; cultivation also occurs in other suitable regions. Musa textilis is a herbaceous perennial banana plant that can reach several meters in height and bears broad leaves.

Harvesting involves removing mature leaves and processing the leaf stalks to extract the fiber. Traditional decortication methods and modern mechanical processing are used to separate and clean the fiber, which is then combed and spun into yarns or threads.

Abaca fiber has a high tensile strength for a natural fiber, low density, and good resistance to abrasion and rot in damp conditions. It has a natural color range from cream to pale brown and can be bleached for certain applications.

Common uses include rope, twine, and cordage for marine and industrial purposes, as well as specialty papers, filters, and banknote papers. It is also used in handicrafts and textiles in some markets.

As an export commodity, abaca remains important for smallholder farmers in certain regions, often grown in mixed farming systems. Its fiber is biodegradable and renewable, contributing to sustainable production in suitable tropical climates.