Manila

Manila is the capital of the Philippines and the center of the country’s government, economy, and culture. The name can refer to the City of Manila, one of the 17 local government units that form Metro Manila, or to the wider metropolitan region officially known as the National Capital Region (NCR), which consists of 16 cities and 1 municipality surrounding the city.

Geographically, Manila lies on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on the island of Luzon. The city traces its origins to a precolonial trading settlement and was established as a Spanish colonial city in 1571. Its historic core, Intramuros, is complemented by districts such as Ermita, Malate, and Chinatown, and by landmarks including San Agustín Church, Manila Cathedral, Rizal Park, and Fort Santiago.

In governance terms, the central government is based in Manila, with Malacañang Palace acting as the president’s official residence located within the city. The economy includes the Port of Manila and a concentration of offices, corporate headquarters, and cultural institutions in Metro Manila.

Demographically, Metro Manila is a highly urbanized, densely populated region that includes many thousands of residents in the City of Manila. The area faces challenges such as traffic congestion, flooding, and air pollution, while serving as a major hub for business, education, and media.

Culturally, Manila hosts a range of museums, historical sites, and performing arts venues. Institutions such as the National Museum, the Cultural Center of the Philippines, and historic churches contribute to the city’s heritage, while festivals and markets reflect its contemporary urban life.