ACEinhibitorokat

ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) are a class of medications primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and certain heart conditions. They work by blocking the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme that plays a key role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This system regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. By inhibiting ACE, these drugs reduce the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. This leads to relaxation of blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and reduced strain on the heart.

Common uses of ACE inhibitors include the management of hypertension, heart failure, and improving survival after a heart attack. They are also prescribed for patients with diabetic nephropathy, a kidney disease complication of diabetes, to slow the progression of kidney damage. ACE inhibitors are often recommended as first-line therapy for hypertension due to their effectiveness and relatively mild side effect profile.

Examples of ACE inhibitors include medications such as captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril, and fosinopril. These drugs are typically taken orally and are available in various formulations, including immediate-release and extended-release versions. Dosage varies depending on the specific medication, the condition being treated, and individual patient factors.

While generally well-tolerated, ACE inhibitors can cause side effects such as cough, dizziness, headache, and in some cases, more serious reactions like angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat) or kidney problems. Patients with a history of angioedema or those with bilateral renal artery stenosis should use these medications with caution or avoid them altogether. Pregnant women are generally advised against using ACE inhibitors due to potential risks to fetal development.

Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential when taking ACE inhibitors, particularly to check blood pressure, kidney function, and electrolyte levels. Patients should inform their doctors about all medications they are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to avoid potential interactions.