2Dtegning

2Dtegning is the representation of objects, scenes, or concepts on a flat surface, such as paper or a computer screen, using lines, symbols, and annotations to specify form, size, and relationships. It aims to convey information unambiguously to builders, manufacturers, or observers, without implying depth by perspective. In technical contexts, 2D drawings are generally orthographic or as-is views of a three-dimensional object.

Historically, 2D tegning emerged with the development of perspective and projection techniques in drawing and drafting. Orthographic projection, where multiple views are laid out on a common reference frame, became a standard in engineering and architecture in the 18th to 20th centuries. With the advent of CAD, 2D drawing workflows were augmented by digital tools, enabling precise dimensioning and standardization.

Common types include orthographic drawings (front, top, side), isometric and other pictorial drawings, sectional drawings, and detail drawings. Dimensioning, tolerances, scales, line types, and symbols follow standards from organizations such as ISO, ANSI, or national bodies to ensure consistency.

Applications span engineering, architecture, electronics schematics, construction, manufacturing, and graphic design. 2D drawings serve as construction plans, fabrication drawings, assembly instructions, or schematic diagrams. They are often used in combination with 3D models to document design intent.

Tools range from traditional pencil-and-paper to computer-aided design (CAD) software, vector graphics programs, and printable templates. Modern workflows emphasize accuracy, layers, annotation, and version control, with outputs in formats such as PDF, DXF, or SVG.

Limitations include the lack of depth information and potential misinterpretation without proper conventions. 2D tegning remains foundational in technical communication, with 3D models complementing it in most disciplines.