19341935

1934–1935 refers to the period spanning the years 1934 and 1935, a time of major political realignments, international tensions, and social policy developments that helped shape the late interwar era.

In Europe, Adolf Hitler’s regime consolidated power following the death of President Hindenburg in 1934, establishing a dictatorship that would drive aggressive policies in the years to come. The regime carried out the Night of the Long Knives in 1934 to eliminate internal opposition. In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws restricted the civil rights of Jews and other measures intensified persecution. The Saar region returned to German sovereignty after a 1935 plebiscite, reflecting the broader shift toward German rearmament and expansionist aims. In Africa, Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia began in 1935, challenging the League of Nations and signaling the revival of imperial aggression.

In Asia, the Chinese Communist Party completed the Long March in 1934–1935, consolidating leadership and redirecting the party’s strategy under new bases in northern China.

In the United States and other countries, the period was influenced by ongoing New Deal policies aimed at economic recovery from the Great Depression. In 1935, the United States enacted the Social Security Act, establishing old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to certain groups, while the Works Progress Administration expanded public works programs.

Overall, 1934–1935 is viewed as a prelude to the intensified conflicts that would erupt across Europe and Asia later in the decade, even as some nations pursued social welfare reforms and economic stabilization.