Communist

A communist is a person who supports or participates in communism, an ideology that advocates common ownership of the means of production and a classless society. In political usage, "communist" can also describe an organization or party that identifies with that ideology.

Origins lie in the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century. Core ideas include the critique of capitalism, historical materialism, and class struggle, with the aim of replacing private property with public or cooperative ownership. The transition is described as the dictatorship of the proletariat, after which a stateless, moneyless, and classless society would emerge.

Many variations of communism exist. Marxist-Leninists, libertarian or council communists, Maoists, and other currents interpret and apply the theory differently. In practice, some states have called themselves communist and organized one-party rule around a central plan, while still claiming to implement Marxist principles. Distinctions are often drawn between theoretical communism and the practical systems described as communist in different countries.

Historically, the most visible examples were 20th-century states such as the Soviet Union, the People’s Republic of China, Cuba, Vietnam, and North Korea, though these regimes differed in structure and policy. In many places, groups that identify as communist participate in elections or operate as minority parties within broad coalitions, while others have moved away from centralized planning toward market or mixed economies.

Today, "communist" remains a self-identification for some parties and individuals, while for others it is a historical label. The term can also carry pejorative meanings depending on political contexts.