12D8

12D8 is a notation commonly used in tabletop role‑playing games to indicate a roll of twelve eight‑sided dice. The format “NdX” specifies that N dice, each with X faces numbered sequentially from 1 to X, are rolled and their individual results summed. In the case of 12d8, twelve d8 dice—each producing a result between 1 and 8—are rolled, yielding a total ranging from a minimum of 12 to a maximum of 96.

The 12d8 roll is typically employed to model damage, hit points, or other variable quantities where a relatively broad range of outcomes is desirable. Because the sum of many dice tends toward a bell‑shaped distribution, 12d8 generates results that cluster around the statistical mean of 54, with fewer extreme low or high totals. This property makes it useful for representing powerful attacks or effects that are strong on average but still allow for occasional unusually weak or strong results.

Probability calculations for 12d8 can be performed using generating functions or computer simulation; the exact distribution consists of 85 distinct totals, each with a specific frequency determined by combinatorial partitions of the dice faces. Game designers may choose 12d8 over alternative dice combinations (such as 6d12 or 4d20) to achieve a particular expected value, variance, or narrative feel.

Variants of the notation include modifiers (e.g., 12d8 + 5) and advantage/disadvantage mechanics that affect how the dice are rolled. The 12d8 roll remains a standard tool in systems such as Dungeons & Dragons, Pathfinder, and numerous indie role‑playing games.