únosnost

Únosnost is a term used in Czech and Slovak engineering to describe the carrying or load‑bearing capacity of a component, structure, or material. It conveys the maximum load or stress that can be applied without causing unacceptable deformation or failure. The concept covers both the ultimate bearing capacity—the maximum load before collapse—and the allowable or serviceable bearing capacity—the load that can be safely sustained under normal use when deformations stay within limits. It is central to safety-focused design and assessment.

In geotechnical engineering, únosnost refers to the soil’s bearing capacity under a foundation. It depends on soil shear strength, cohesion, friction, unit weight, foundation geometry, depth, and groundwater conditions. Assessments combine field tests, laboratory tests, and theoretical methods to ensure the allowable bearing capacity exceeds expected loads with an adequate safety margin.

In structural and mechanical engineering, únosnost describes how much load a member or component can safely carry, taking into account material strength, cross‑section, connections, and load duration. Design aims to satisfy serviceability requirements (limits on deformations and crack widths) and ultimate limit states, applying safety factors to account for uncertainties in materials and loading.

Practices and calculations are guided by national or international standards and guidelines, which define allowable loads, testing procedures, and verification methods. The term underscores the goal of safe operation under both ordinary and extreme conditions.