ÖkosystemManagement
ÖkosystemManagement is an integrated approach to managing natural resources by maintaining ecosystem structure and processes to sustain ecosystem services for current and future generations. It combines ecological, social, and economic objectives, and emphasizes the connectivity within landscapes and across sectors.
Core concepts include ecosystem services, resilience, adaptability, and stakeholder participation. It relies on adaptive management, where
Methods include setting management objectives, defining ecological indicators (biodiversity, water quality, soil health, carbon storage), monitoring,
History and scope: The concept emerged in the late 20th century in response to cumulative environmental pressures
Examples and governance: Implementation often involves public agencies, indigenous and local communities, NGOs, and industry; co-management
Challenges and critique: Complexity of ecosystems, data gaps, conflicting values, and governance fragmentation can hinder progress.