Érclerakódások

Érclerakódások, also known as arterial plaque or atherosclerosis, refers to the buildup of fatty substances, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the inner lining of an artery. This buildup, known as plaque, can harden and narrow the arteries, limiting the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body's organs.

The development of érclerakódások is a gradual process that can begin in childhood and progresses over many years. It is a major cause of cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes. Several risk factors contribute to its formation, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Genetics and age also play a role.

Symptoms of érclerakódások often do not appear until an artery is significantly narrowed or blocked. Depending on the location of the plaque, symptoms can include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, pain in the legs or arms, and numbness or weakness. In severe cases, it can lead to a heart attack if blood flow to the heart is blocked, or a stroke if blood flow to the brain is interrupted.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as blood tests, electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiograms, stress tests, and imaging studies like angiography. Treatment strategies aim to slow or stop the progression of plaque buildup and manage risk factors. This can include lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, as well as medications to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and prevent blood clots. In some cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow.