Állapotszabályozás

Állapotszabályozás, commonly translated as state-space control or state control, is a fundamental concept in control theory. It refers to a methodology for designing control systems that utilize the internal state variables of a system to achieve desired performance objectives. Unlike traditional control methods that often rely on input-output relationships, state-space control explicitly considers the system's dynamic behavior represented by its state vector.

The state vector encapsulates all the necessary information about the system at a given time, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of its evolution. This approach is particularly powerful for dealing with complex, multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) systems, as well as systems with time delays or nonlinearities. The design process typically involves defining a state-space representation of the system, which consists of state equations and output equations.

Control laws are then derived based on this state-space model. Common techniques include state feedback, where the control input is a linear combination of the state variables, and observer-based control, used when the full state is not directly measurable. State-space control offers advantages such as systematic design procedures, the ability to achieve optimal performance (e.g., using linear quadratic regulator techniques), and robustness against disturbances. It is widely applied in various engineering fields, including aerospace, robotics, and chemical process control.