yleisanesthesiaa

In Finnish medical terminology, yleisanesthesiaa denotes general anesthesia. General anesthesia is a medically induced, reversible state of unconsciousness accompanied by analgesia, amnesia, and immobility, enabling surgery without pain or movement.

Induction of yleisanesthesiaa is usually achieved with intravenous agents such as propofol, ketamine, or etomidate, sometimes combined with inhaled gases. Maintenance uses volatile anesthetics like sevoflurane or desflurane, often supplemented with opioids, muscle relaxants, and intravenous drugs. A secure airway is typically established with an endotracheal tube or a laryngeal mask to protect ventilation, and patients are continuously monitored for oxygenation, ventilation, circulation, temperature, and depth of anesthesia.

The anesthesia care team, usually an anesthesiologist or certified nurse anesthetist, oversees the process from induction through emergence. Preoperative assessment examines medical history, current medications, allergies, and risk factors, followed by informed consent. Dosing and risk management are adjusted for age, comorbidities, and the planned procedure; pediatrics and obstetric cases require special considerations.

Common side effects include sore throat, nausea, vomiting, grogginess, and transient low blood pressure. Less frequent but serious risks involve airway complications, cardiovascular events, allergic reactions, and rare conditions such as malignant hyperthermia or anesthesia awareness. Postoperative cognitive effects can occur, especially in older patients.

Recovery takes place in the post-anesthesia care unit, where patients awaken under monitoring, receive pain control and antiemetics as needed, and are discharged once criteria for safety and recovery are met. General anesthesia is distinct from regional or local anesthesia, though combined techniques may be used for specific procedures.