laryngeal

Laryngeal is an adjective relating to the larynx, the organ in the neck that houses the vocal folds and forms the upper part of the airway. The term is used across anatomy, medicine, and related fields to describe structures, diseases, and procedures involving the larynx.

Anatomy and location: The larynx sits in the anterior neck, just below the pharynx and above the trachea. It is supported by cartilages such as the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoids, along with the epiglottis. The interior contains the true vocal cords and several spaces that contribute to voice production and airway protection. Intrinsic muscles regulate tension and position of the vocal cords, enabling phonation and control of pitch and volume.

Innervation and blood supply: Innervation is primarily through branches of the vagus nerve. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle and provides sensory input above the vocal cords, while the recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies the remaining intrinsic muscles and provides sensory input below the cords. Arterial supply comes from the superior and inferior laryngeal arteries, with corresponding venous drainage.

Function: The larynx functions as the voice box, producing sound by modulating vocal cord tension and glottal closure. It also protects the lower airways during swallowing and contributes to coughing and airway clearance.

Clinical context: Laryngeal health is studied in laryngology. Common topics include laryngitis, laryngeal nodules or polyps, vocal cord paralysis, and laryngeal cancer. Laryngoscopy is a common examination method used to visualize the larynx.