xanthium
Xanthium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, commonly known as cockleburs or burrs. The genus comprises several species, including Xanthium strumarium (rough cocklebur) and Xanthium canadense, Xanthium spinosum, and Xanthium orientale. Native to the Americas, many species have become cosmopolitan and are commonly found as weeds in disturbed habitats such as fields, roadsides, waste areas, and agricultural margins.
Xanthium plants are annual herbs that can reach up to 1–2 meters in height. They have large,
Ecologically, Xanthium reproduces prolifically and produces many seeds per plant. The burrs contribute to long-distance spread
Toxicity is associated with carboxyatractyloside, a toxin found in Xanthium seeds and other parts. In livestock,
Control and management emphasize preventing seed production and removing plants before maturity. Mechanical methods, timely mowing,