workaholism

Workaholism is a pattern of excessive, compulsive work behavior driven by an inner need to work. It involves spending more time on work than is reasonably required, persistent preoccupation with work, and difficulty disengaging. Unlike healthy work engagement, workaholism is associated with distress when not working and the neglect of other life domains.

Common indicators include long work hours beyond demands, inability to switch off after work, using work to cope with stress, and guilt or anxiety when not working. Relationships, sleep, and health often suffer as a result.

Causes are multifactorial: personal traits (perfectionism, high achievement orientation), cognitive patterns, and emotional factors; organizational culture that rewards long hours and constant availability; and broader social and economic pressures.

Chronic overwork is linked to burnout, depression and anxiety, sleep disturbances, cardiovascular risk, and deteriorating personal relationships. It can also reduce productivity and job satisfaction over time.

Assessment relies on self-report scales and clinical interviews; validated tools include the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS) and related measures. Treatments emphasize cognitive-behavioral approaches, stress management, boundary setting, and organizational changes such as workload management and promoting work-life balance.

Some scholars view workaholism as a maladaptive coping style or trait rather than a clinical disorder, noting overlap with burnout. Others highlight cultural norms that equate success with constant work, making diagnosis and treatment context-dependent.