viktproblem

Viktproblem is a term used to describe conditions involving body weight that can affect health. In clinical practice, overweight and obesity are the most common focus. Weight status is typically assessed with the body mass index (BMI). A BMI of 25.0 to 29.9 is classified as overweight and 30.0 or higher as obesity. BMI has limitations and does not distinguish fat from lean mass.

Causes are multifactorial. Long-term energy imbalance is central, but genetics, metabolism, hormones, medications, sleep, stress, and the environment also contribute. Early life and socio-economic factors, cultural norms, and access to healthy foods influence risk. Medical conditions such as thyroid disorders can play a role in some cases.

Health effects include increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, several cancers, osteoarthritis, fatty liver disease, and sleep apnea. Weight problems often co-occur with mental health concerns and can affect quality of life. Management is individualized and may include dietary changes, increased physical activity, behavior support, and when appropriate pharmacotherapy or weight-loss surgery. A typical target is 5–10% weight loss over 6–12 months to improve health, with emphasis on long-term maintenance.

Public health approaches aim to prevent weight problems and reduce obesity-related harms through healthy eating and active living initiatives, school and worksite programs, policy measures, and efforts to reduce stigma in care. The term viktproblem emphasizes a medical condition influenced by multiple factors, not a personal failing.