weightloss

Weight loss is the reduction of body mass, typically focused on decreasing excess adipose tissue while preserving lean muscle. Intentional weight loss is pursued to improve metabolic health, mobility, and risk factors for conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obesity and overweight are defined by body mass index and related measures, and many people attempt weight loss through changes in diet, physical activity, and behavior, sometimes with medical guidance.

Weight change arises from energy balance: calories consumed minus calories expended. A caloric deficit, achieved through dietary changes, increased activity, or both, leads to fat loss, although the rate may slow over time due to metabolic adaptations. Factors such as age, sex, genetics, hormones, medications, sleep, and stress influence both the amount and sustainability of weight loss. Monitoring typically uses BMI, waist circumference, and occasionally body composition assessments.

Common approaches include calorie-controlled eating patterns, portion control, and regular physical activity. Moderate, sustainable deficits combined with consistent activity generally yield better long-term results than extreme or fad diets. Behavioral strategies—self-monitoring, goal setting, and social support—improve adherence. For obesity or obesity with comorbidities, pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery may be considered with professional medical oversight, recognizing potential benefits and risks.

Outcomes vary; weight maintenance remains challenging, and some regain is common. Public health emphasis often focuses on health improvements and functional gains in addition to weight change. Safeguards include avoiding nutrient deficiencies, ensuring adequate protein intake, and seeking medical supervision when using medications or surgical options.