urogynaecology

Urogynaecology is a subspecialty of obstetrics and gynaecology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the female pelvic floor. These conditions include urinary incontinence, faecal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and fistulae. Urogynaecology bridges the disciplines of urology, gynaecology, and colorectal surgery.

Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine. It can manifest in several forms, such as stress incontinence, which occurs during physical activity like coughing or sneezing, and urge incontinence, characterized by a sudden, strong urge to urinate followed by leakage. Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum, descend from their normal position into or out of the vagina. This can be caused by weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues, often due to childbirth, aging, or chronic straining.

Diagnosis in urogynaecology typically involves a detailed medical history, physical examination including a pelvic exam, and sometimes urodynamic studies to assess bladder function. Imaging techniques like ultrasound or MRI may also be used. Treatment options range from conservative measures like pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) and lifestyle modifications to surgical interventions. Surgical procedures aim to repair prolapse, support the pelvic organs, or correct incontinence. Urogynaecology plays a vital role in improving the quality of life for women affected by these often debilitating conditions.