uncouth

Uncouth is an adjective used to describe behavior, language, or people that lack social polish, refinement, or good manners. It can also refer to something crude, coarse, or ill-mannered, and in older usage may convey a sense of being unfamiliar or strange. In modern writing, uncouth often carries a mildly pejorative or judgmental tone, signaling disapproval of manners or conduct rather than a broader moral assessment.

Etymology and history: The word comes from Middle English uncouth(e), from Old English uncūþ, formed with un- plus cuþ, meaning known or familiar. The core sense evolved from “unknown, strange” to “unrefined or ill-mrought,” with the contemporary emphasis on social decorum developing in later centuries. Today the sense of unfamiliarity is largely obsolete when describing people or behavior.

Usage notes: Uncouth is more literary or formal than casual modern speech. It is commonly applied to remarks, behavior, or crowds that appear crude, abrasive, or lacking in courtesy. It can imply a lack of tact or sensitivity, sometimes with a humorous undertone, but remains a disapproving descriptor. It is not typically used to judge character in a moral sense, but to criticize refinement and social conduct.

Related terms include boorish, crude, rustic, gauche, and uncultured. The noun form is uncouthness. Examples: “His uncouth remarks offended the guests.” “The uncouth manners of the crowd stood out in the refined setting.”