offended

Offended is an adjective describing a state of feeling hurt, upset, or insulted by someone else’s words or actions. A person may feel offended when they perceive disrespect, humiliation, or a violation of their values. The phrase to be offended is common in everyday speech and media, and it describes a reaction rather than an objective fact.

Etymology: The verb offend derives from Latin offendere, meaning to strike against, via Old French offenser. The noun offense and related terms denote an insult or affront; to take offense means to become offended.

Social and cultural context: Offense is highly subjective and culturally dependent. What offends one person may not offend another, and judgments about offense involve context, intent, power dynamics, and social norms. Debates about offense often arise in discussions of freedom of expression, respect, and inclusivity.

Legal and policy context: In law, offended is not a technical term, but some expressions may be restricted under laws against hate speech, harassment, or incitement. Whether speech is legally punishable depends on statutes and context, not solely on whether it offends someone.

Responses and consequences: People may respond by apologizing, offering clarification, or adjusting language. Some discussions emphasize taking offense as a personal responsibility, while others stress accountability and listening to concerns about harm.

The term is commonly paired with phrases such as to take offense or to offend someone, which describe the action and reaction rather than a shared standard.