umiltà

Umiltà, or humility, is a virtue that emphasizes a restrained view of the self, a lack of arrogance, and a willingness to acknowledge one's limitations and the value of others' contributions.

Etymology: from Latin humilitas, from humus "ground" or "earth," the term conveys being grounded or down-to-earth. In Italian, umiltà is formed with the suffix -ità to denote the quality.

In everyday use, umiltà is often contrasted with vanità or superbia. True humility involves an accurate self-assessment, openness to feedback, and respect for others, rather than mere self-deprecation or false modesty.

Cultural and religious contexts vary, but humility is a common ideal. In Christian tradition it is a cardinal virtue and modeled by service; in Islam, Judaism, and Sikhism similar themes emphasize modesty and submission. In Buddhism and Confucianism, humility supports learning, social harmony, and proper conduct within a community.

Psychology and sociology treat humility as a trait or state characterized by low self-focus, openness to others' perspectives, and appreciation of others' contributions. It is measured by scales assessing ego boundaries, willingness to accept feedback, and attributing success to collective effort.

In contemporary life, umiltà is linked to effective leadership, learning orientation, and collaborative behavior. It can mitigate conflict, promote accountability, and foster inclusive, cooperative environments.