Sikhism

Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of South Asia in the late 15th century. It was founded by Guru Nanak and developed through the successive Gurus who emphasized devotion to God, honest living, and social equality. Central teachings were later compiled in the Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred scripture regarded by Sikhs as the eternal Guru. The ten human Gurus guided the community from 1469 to 1708, when Guru Gobind Singh declared the scripture to be the eternal Guru. The Khalsa, established by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699, embodies commitment to discipline, social justice, and the protection of the vulnerable.

Core beliefs include Ik Onkar, the statement of a single, formless God; Naam Japna (remembering God through meditation), Kirt Karni (earning an honest living), and Vand Chakna (sharing with others). Sikhs reject caste distinctions and emphasize equality, community service (sewa), and justice.

Practices center on worship and community life in gurdwaras, where Sikhs gather for prayer and the langar, a free community kitchen. The Five Ks—Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (comb), Kara (bracelet), Kachera (undergarment), and Kirpan (dagger)—are external symbols of faith. Sacred hymns from the Guru Granth Sahib are recited or sung, and daily devotion is encouraged.

Sikhism is practiced worldwide, with major centers in India, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and elsewhere. Festivals include Vaisakhi and Gurpurabs marking the birthdays of the Gurus.