ulkoilette

Ulkoilette is a toilet facility located outside the main building. It can range from a simple wooden shed with a seat over a pit to more modern arrangements such as composting toilets or portable chemical units. Outdoor toilets have historically been common before indoor plumbing and remain in use in rural homes, cabins, farms, remote properties, camping areas, and construction sites.

Common configurations include pit latrines, where waste collects in a deep hole beneath a seat; ventilated or shallow pits to reduce odor; composting toilets that rely on biological decomposition and often require less frequent emptying; and portable chemical toilets used for temporary outdoor needs. Construction focuses on providing privacy, a firm seating surface, adequate ventilation, and safe access for maintenance and waste removal.

Placement and maintenance guidelines emphasize locating the unit away from living spaces and drinking water sources, ensuring good drainage and airflow, and complying with local regulations. The structure should protect waste from rain, minimize odors, and allow easy cleaning. Waste management practices include adding absorbents or soil to control odor, regular emptying by appropriate services, and ensuring lids or doors are securely closed when not in use.

Health and environmental considerations include potential risks to groundwater and surface water, attraction of flies and other vectors, and the need to prevent sanitary contamination of living areas. In many regions, building codes specify minimum distances from wells, streams, and property boundaries, as well as requirements for proper disposal or treatment of waste.

Modern variants include energy-efficient composting toilets for cabins and eco sites, and portable units for temporary use. See also: outhouse.