tromboprofilaksiaan

Tromboprofilaksia refers to measures taken to prevent thrombosis, which is the formation of blood clots inside blood vessels. These clots can obstruct blood flow, leading to serious health problems such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), stroke, and heart attack. Tromboprofilaksia is employed in various clinical settings, particularly for individuals at high risk of developing clots.

Risk factors for thrombosis include immobility, surgery, trauma, cancer, certain genetic conditions, pregnancy, and prolonged periods of sitting or standing. The goal of tromboprofilaksia is to reduce this risk through a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

Pharmacological methods typically involve anticoagulant medications, such as unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). These drugs work by interfering with the blood clotting cascade, making it harder for clots to form. The choice of medication and its dosage depend on the individual's specific risk factors, medical history, and the type of intervention or condition being addressed.

Non-pharmacological measures are also crucial in tromboprofilaksia. These include early mobilization after surgery or illness, the use of mechanical compression devices like graduated compression stockings or intermittent pneumatic compression pumps, and lifestyle modifications such as regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight. Tromboprofilaksia is a cornerstone of perioperative care and is vital in managing chronic conditions that increase thrombotic risk.