toros

Toros is the Spanish term for bulls, referring to male cattle that have reached sexual maturity. In zoological and agricultural contexts, a toro denotes the intact male of domestic cattle, Bos taurus. A bull is typically distinguished from cows (females) and steers (castrated males).

Most toros belong to Bos taurus, the domesticated form of the European aurochs, Bos primigenius. Domestic cattle were first domesticated around 8,000–10,000 years ago in parts of the Near East and Europe, with breeding programs producing many breeds adapted to different climates and uses. Bulls are generally larger and more muscular than cows, and horn shape and size vary widely across breeds, including lines that are naturally horned or polled (hornless).

In agriculture, bulls are kept for breeding and, in some systems, for beef production. They require careful handling, secure fencing, and appropriate management, as their size and behavior can pose safety challenges. Some breeds are also used for draft work or as dairy sires within mixed farming systems.

Cultural significance varies by region. In Iberia and parts of Latin America, toros feature prominently in traditional events such as corrida de toros (bullfighting) and encierros, and the Iberian fighting bull (toro bravo) is a lineage bred for such events. Bullfighting remains controversial and has been restricted or banned in several countries or regions for animal welfare reasons. Beyond entertainment, bulls are symbols of strength in many cultures and contribute to agricultural production and rural landscapes.