toothrestoration

Tooth restoration is the set of dental treatments aimed at repairing or rebuilding tooth structure that has been damaged by decay, trauma, wear, or other disease processes. The goal is to restore function, aesthetics, and protection of the remaining tooth tissue, while preventing further deterioration.

Restorations are generally categorized as direct or indirect. Direct restorations are placed in the mouth in one visit and include materials such as composite resin and glass ionomer cement. Indirect restorations are fabricated outside the mouth, typically in a dental laboratory, and include inlays, onlays, crowns, and veneers. Common materials used for restorations include composite resins, amalgam, ceramics, gold, and other metal alloys. The choice of material depends on factors such as location, size of the restoration, esthetic demands, functional loads, and cost.

Typical procedures involve several steps. An assessment and radiographs help determine the extent of damage and treatment options. After preparing the tooth, the clinician isolates the area to keep it dry. For direct restorations, the tooth is cleaned, etched (where applicable), and a bonding agent is applied before placing the restorative material and finishing it to a smooth surface. Indirect restorations require taking an impression or digital scan, fabricating the restoration in a lab, then cementing or bonding it in a subsequent visit. In some cases, especially after extensive decay or fracture, additional procedures such as root canal therapy or a post-and-core build-up may be indicated to support the final restoration.

Maintenance involves regular dental check-ups, good oral hygiene, and avoiding habits that stress the restoration. Longevity varies with material, tooth position, bite forces, and patient care.