tapir

The tapir is a large, herbivorous mammal in the family Tapiridae. Its most distinguishing feature is a short, flexible trunk formed by an extended upper lip and nose, used to grasp leaves, fruit, and aquatic vegetation. Adults weigh several hundred kilograms and can reach about two meters in length. They have stout bodies, short legs, four toes on the front feet and three on the hind feet, and they are strong swimmers.

Four living species are recognized: Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii) of Central America and northern South America; the South American or Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in the Amazon and Pantanal; the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) in Andean cloud forests; and the Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) in Southeast Asia. They occupy forests, swamps, and riverine habitats, often near water.

coloration varies by species. The Malayan tapir has a distinctive black body with white or pale patches on the shoulders, sides, and hindquarters. Other species are generally brownish-gray with lighter underparts. All have a characteristic prehensile snout, small eyes, and a stocky build.

Tapirs are mostly solitary and can be crepuscular or nocturnal. They feed on leaves, shoots, fruit, and aquatic vegetation. They rely on water to regulate body temperature and to escape predators and parasites. They are capable swimmers and often bathe or submerge themselves.

Reproduction is slow; gestation lasts about 12 to 13 months, typically yielding a single calf every one to two years. Calves stay with their mothers for up to a year and a half. Conservation status varies by species, but all face threats from habitat loss, fragmentation, and hunting, with several populations listed as Vulnerable or Endangered. Protected areas, habitat restoration, and anti-poaching measures are among conservation strategies.