stencil

A stencil is a template used to apply a design by transferring ink or paint through cut-out openings onto a surface. By shielding the surrounding area, stencils produce repeated patterns with defined edges. Materials commonly used include metal, acetate, plastic, and Mylar, chosen for durability or low cost. Reusable stencils can be washed and reused; disposable varieties are intended for a single use. The cut-out portions determine where paint is applied; as paint goes through the openings, the corresponding image or text is formed on the surface.

Production and types: Stencils are cut from a sheet by hand with a craft knife or by machine methods such as laser cutting or die cutting, enabling intricate patterns. Multi-layer or registration stencils allow sequential color application with alignment marks. Guidelines or cutting plans can include bridges—unbroken sections that hold parts of the stencil together to prevent pieces from falling out. Applications range from alphabet and decorative patterns to large murals and signage. In textile and wallpaper, stencils are used to apply repeated motifs; in cake decorating, edible icing can be applied through a stencil.

Approaches and technique: To achieve crisp edges, secure the stencil with low-tack tape or an adhesive film, apply paint in light coats, and carefully remove the stencil before the paint dries. Techniques vary by medium; spray paints require distance and consistent motion to avoid bleed; brushes or sponges can build up texture. History and use: stencil-like methods date to ancient times and have appeared in many cultures for inscriptions and decoration; in the modern era, stencils gained prominence in signage, screen printing, and street art, offering a simple way to reproduce complex images.