sevofluraani

Sevofluraani, known in English as sevoflurane, is a volatile inhalational anesthetic agent used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in humans and, in some cases, animals. It is delivered to the patient through an anesthesia machine by inhalation, typically mixed with oxygen and sometimes air or nitrous oxide, via a breathing circuit and a vapourizer.

Pharmacology and properties: Sevoflurane has a relatively low blood-gas partition coefficient, which contributes to rapid onset and offset of anesthesia and smoother emergence compared with some other inhalational agents. It is generally non-irritating to the airways, making it suitable for mask induction, especially in children. Metabolism of sevoflurane occurs mainly in the liver, producing small amounts of inorganic fluoride and other metabolites; the majority is exhaled unchanged. A historic concern with low fresh gas flow is the potential formation of compound A in some carbon dioxide absorbents, but modern practice and absorbent materials have reduced this risk.

Clinical use: Sevoflurane is employed for both induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, often in combination with intravenous agents and neuromuscular blockers. Its non-pungent quality and rapid recovery profile make it a popular choice for pediatric anesthesia and for patients requiring swift awakening.

Safety and adverse effects: The agent can cause dose-dependent cardiovascular and respiratory depression, and postoperative nausea and vomiting are possible. While sevoflurane is generally well tolerated, it shares the potential risks associated with volatile anesthetics, including rare instances of hepatic or renal complications in susceptible patients. It is contraindicated in individuals with known malignant hyperthermia susceptibility.

History and regulation: Sevoflurane was developed and introduced for clinical use in the late 20th century and has since become one of the most widely used inhalational anesthetics worldwide, subject to standard regulatory approvals and monitoring in surgical settings.