serverhardware

Server hardware encompasses the physical devices used to run server software, optimized for uptime, throughput, and scalability. They are deployed in data centers, enterprises, hosting environments, and cloud infrastructures. Distinctions from client computers include higher reliability, redundancy, and manageability required for continuous operation.

Core components include the central processing unit(s), memory (typically ECC DIMMs), storage subsystems, networking interfaces, and the chassis with power and cooling. Processors are often multi-core CPUs from x86-64 families; many servers support dual-socket or multi-socket configurations. Memory uses ECC to detect and correct errors. Storage may be HDDs or SSDs in various RAID configurations; NVMe and NVMe over fabrics are common for high performance. Networking often includes multiple NICs and can be 1, 10, 25, 40, or 100 GbE. Power supplies are usually redundant with hot-swappable design, and cooling is provisioned for continuous load.

Form factors and architectures include rackmount servers, which are common in data centers (1U, 2U, 4U), blade servers that reduce space by sharing a chassis, and tower servers that provide standalone units for smaller deployments. Virtualization and container workloads influence hardware choices, including PCIe expansion, memory capacity, and CPU features like hardware-assisted virtualization.

Management and reliability involve remote management interfaces such as IPMI, Redfish, and vendor-specific tools. Redundant components, ECC memory, and RAID protect against failures; hot-swappable drives and PSUs simplify maintenance. Lifecycle management includes firmware updates and monitoring through management software to ensure performance and availability.