selfmutilating

Self-mutilation, also referred to as self-harm, is the deliberate infliction of injury on one’s own body without the intention to die. It is a coping behavior that people may use to manage intense emotions, numbness, or distress, or to regain a sense of control. It is not considered a mental illness on its own, but it commonly occurs in the context of underlying conditions such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, eating disorders, or personality disorders, and it is more common in adolescence and young adulthood.

Common forms include cutting with blades, burning, scratching, hitting or banging, pulling hair, and interfering with wounds. The methods vary by individual and can involve different frequencies and severities. Although typically not aimed at suicide, self-mutilation can increase the risk of serious injury, infection, or long-term scarring, and it may signal escalating distress or a need for professional evaluation.

Causes and risk factors are multifaceted and may include difficulties with emotional regulation, traumatic experiences, low self-esteem, social isolation, and exposure to adverse childhood events. People may engage in self-harm to express feelings they cannot put into words, to punish themselves, or to feel something when emotionally numb.

Treatment and support focus on safety, coping skills, and underlying conditions. Evidence-based therapies such as dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral approaches help develop healthy emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and problem-solving skills. Safety planning, crisis resources, and involvement of trusted supporters are often important components.

If you or someone you know is in immediate danger or contemplating self-harm, seek urgent help by contacting local emergency services or a crisis hotline. In the United States, the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline is available 24/7. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Samaritans can be reached at 116 123. In Australia, Lifeline is 13 11 14. Reach out to a healthcare professional for a thorough assessment and support.