seerma

Seerma is a traditional form of divination and spiritual practice originating from the Adivasi communities of the Indian subcontinent, particularly in regions such as Odisha, West Bengal, and parts of Bangladesh. The term "seerma" is derived from the Sanskrit word *shramana*, meaning "ascetic" or "one who performs rituals," and is closely associated with the spiritual traditions of the Santal, Ho, Munda, and other tribal groups.

Seerma practitioners, often referred to as *seerma babas* or *seerma maas*, serve as intermediaries between the human and spiritual worlds. They are believed to possess the ability to communicate with deities, ancestors, and nature spirits through rituals, chants, and offerings. Their practices often involve the use of sacred plants, herbs, and symbolic objects, such as the *dahana* (a ritual fire) or the *jhumur* (a traditional drum).

Seerma rituals typically address personal and communal concerns, including healing, protection, and the resolution of misfortunes. Practitioners may perform ceremonies for events like weddings, childbirth, or the marking of transitions in life. Their knowledge is often passed down through oral traditions, with apprenticeships playing a key role in training new seerma.

While seerma is deeply rooted in indigenous beliefs, it has also influenced broader Hindu and folk traditions in the region. Some seerma practices have been adapted into more mainstream spiritual frameworks, though they remain distinct in their tribal context. The practice continues to be an important cultural and spiritual resource for Adivasi communities, preserving their heritage and connection to ancestral wisdom.

Modern recognition of seerma has grown as part of efforts to document and preserve tribal traditions. However, challenges such as urbanization and changing social structures have led to a decline in the practice among younger generations. Efforts to revive and document seerma are ongoing, supported by cultural organizations and anthropologists.