jhumur

Jhumur is a traditional folk music and dance tradition that originates from the eastern region of the Indian subcontinent, particularly the states of Odisha, West Bengal and the neighboring areas of Bangladesh. The term “jhumur” is derived from the word “jhum,” meaning to sway, reflecting the spirited movement of the dance. Historically, the form was associated with tribal and rural communities, especially the Santhal, Bhumij and Oraon peoples of the Chota Nagpur plateau.

Musically, Jhumur is characterized by simple, repetitive melodic structures and rhythmic patterns played on indigenous instruments such as the khonj (a circular drum), dhol (double-headed drum), bamboo flutes, cymbals and sometimes the violin and harmonium. Lyrics often describe pastoral life, love, social issues, or seasonal changes, and are sung in local dialects. The music’s accompaniments provide a lively backdrop for dancers who perform with rhythmic footwork, clapping, and coordinated movements that reflect agricultural activities or hunting rituals.

Dance forms of Jhumur vary across regions. In Odisha, the street dance style of Jhumur features aplomb, slapping hand movements, and inclusive participation. In West Bengal, the “Jhumur” dance incorporates elaborate costume adornments and storytelling elements. Performances are typically staged at festivals, religious ceremonies, and community celebrations, and have gained recognition in national folk festival circuits.

In contemporary times, Jhumur has attracted scholarly interest and has been promoted as a cultural heritage by government and cultural institutions. Some modern artists blend Jhumur with folk pop and music video formats, ensuring the genre’s survival among younger audiences. The tradition continues to thrive as a living expression of the rural collective memory, showcasing the resilience and creativity of the communities that sustain it.